The gravitational search algorithm for incorporating TCSC devices into the system for optimum power flow

<span lang="EN-US">This paper proposes a gravitational search algorithm (GSA) to allocate the thyristor-controlled series compensator (TCSC) incorporation with issue of reactive power management. The aim using TCSC units in this study is minimize active and losses. Reserve beyond thermal border, enhance voltage profile increase transmission-lines flow while continuing whole generation cost system little compared its single goal base case. optimal (OPF) described consideration for finding best size location TCSCs devices seeing techno-economic subjects minimizing fuel costs installing devices. GSA algorithm's high ability solving proposed multi-objective problem tested on two 9 30 bus test systems. For each system, four case studies are considered represent both normal emergency operating conditions. method's simulation results show that offers practical robust high-quality solution improves performance.</span>